Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index: A Precise, Noninvasive Tool for Evaluation of Edema in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

This study aimed to evaluate available volume status assessment tools in nephrotic syndrome (NS). Sixty children with INS were subdivided into hypovolemic and nonhypovolemic groups based on fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa%); all were studied for inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and body composition monitor (BCM). Forty-four patients had nonhypovolemic and 16 had hypovolemic states. ANP did not difer between both groups. IVCCI was higher in hypovolemic group (p<0.001) with sensitivity 87.5% and specifcity 81.8% for hypovolemia detection, while BCM overhydration (BCM-OH) values were higher in nonhypovolemic group (p=0.04) with sensitivity=68.2% and specifcity=75% for detection of hypervolemia. FeNa% showed negative correlation with IVCCI (r= ?0.578, p<0.001) and positive correlation with BCM-OH (r=0.33, p=0.018), while FeNa% showed nonsignifcant correlation to ANP concentration. IVCCI is a reliable tool for evaluating volume status in NS and is superior to BCM.

O Papel dos Níveis Séricos de ANP na Perda de Peso, Risco Cardiometabólico e Composição Corporal de Adolescentes com Obesidade Submetidos a Terapia Interdisciplinar / The Role of ANP Level Response in Interdisciplinary Weight Loss Therapy on Cardiometabolic Risk and Body Composition in Adolescents with Obesity

Resumo Fundamento A ação do peptídeo natriurético atrial (ANP) na natriurese, diurese e vasodilatação, resistência à insulina, fígado, rim e tecido adiposo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento metabólico e cardiovascular saudável. Embora o nível circulante de ANP seja reduzido em pacientes com obesidade, sua resposta à perda de peso ainda é pouco explorada em populações pediátricas. Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos das variações do ANP em resposta à intervenção interdisciplinar para perda de peso na Síndrome Metabólica (SMet) e nos riscos cardiometabólicos em adolescentes com obesidade. Métodos 73 adolescentes com obesidade participaram de uma terapia interdisciplinar para perda de peso de 20 semanas, incluindo uma abordagem clínica, nutricional, psicológica e de exercícios físicos. A composição corporal, análises bioquímicas e pressão sanguínea foram avaliadas. A SMet foi classificada de acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes (IDF) (2007). Após o tratamento, os voluntários foram divididos de acordo com os níveis de plasma do ANP aumento (n=31) ou ANP redução (n=19). Resultados Ambos os grupos apresentaram redução significativa de peso corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferências de cintura, pescoço e quadril (CC, CP e CQ, respectivamente), e aumento da massa livre de gordura (MLG). É interessante observar que houve uma redução significativa na gordura corporal, na razão de TG/HDL-c e na prevalência de SMet (de 23% para 6%) somente no grupo com ANP aumento. Conclusão Este estudo sugere que o aumento nos níveis séricos de ANP após a terapia para perda de peso pode estar associado a melhorias nos riscos cardiometabólicos e na prevalência reduzida de SMet em adolescentes com obesidade.

Abstract Background The action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on natriuresis, diuresis and vasodilatation, insulin resistance, liver, kidney, and adipose tissue may contribute to the healthy metabolic and cardiovascular development. Even though the circulating level of ANP is reduced in patients with obesity, its response to weight loss remains poorly explored in pediatric populations. Objective To evaluate the effects of ANP variations in response to interdisciplinary weight loss intervention on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risks in adolescents with obesity. Methods 73 adolescents with obesity attended a 20-week clinical interdisciplinary weight loss therapy including clinical, nutritional, psychological and exercise training approach. Body composition, biochemical analyses and blood pressure were evaluated. MetS was classified according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2007). After the treatment, volunteers were divided according to Increasing (n=31) or Decreasing (n=19) ANP plasma levels. Results Both groups present significant reduction of body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist, neck and hip circumferences (WC, NC and HC, respectively) and increasing fat-free mass (FFM). Interestingly, a significant reduction in body fat, TG/HDL-c ratio and MetS prevalence (from 23% to 6%) was observed in the Increased ANP group only. Conclusion This study suggests that an increase in ANP serum levels after weight loss therapy could be associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risks and the reduced prevalence of MetS in adolescents with obesity.

Ceiling effect of Postconditioning and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Cardioprotection against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Ovariectomized rat hearts

Abstract Ischemic postconditioning (IPTC) brings cardioprotection endogenously, Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produces the same effect. It happens due to down expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Thus, experimental protocol associating IPTC has been formulated to find the role of ANP in the cardioprotection of heart in OVX rats. For this experiment, heart was isolated from OVX rat and held tightly on Langendorff's apparatus in a manner that ischemia of 30 min and reperfusion of 120 min were also given. Simultaneously, IPTC with four cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion of each was applied. Parameters like size of myocardial infarct, levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and release of creatine kinase- MB (CK-MB) in coronary effluent were noted after each stage of experiment for ensuring the extent of myocardial injury. Some significant changes were also seen in the histopathology of cardiovascular tissues. The cardio-protection has been made by four cycles of IPTC. It was confirmed by decline in the size of myocardial infarct. It diminishes the release of LDH and CK-MB in heart of OVX rat. Thus, IPTC induces cardio-protection in the isolated heart from OVX rat. Perfusion of ANP associating with IPTC favors the cardioprotection which is further confirmed by rise in the NO release and heart rate. The level of myocardial damage changes using IPTC, IPTC+OVX, IPTC+OVX+ANP, IPTC+ OVX+ANP+L-NAME and other groups were observed significantly and were found to be less than those in I/R control group. Thus, it is recommended that ANP involving IPTC restores attenuated cardio-protection in OVX rat heart. Therefore, Post-conditioning is useful in various clinical aspects.

The poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of BRD4 mediated by PARP1 promoted pathological cardiac hypertrophy

The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family member BRD4 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. BRD4 induces hypertrophic gene expression by binding to the acetylated chromatin, facilitating the phosphorylation of RNA polymerases II (Pol II) and leading to transcription elongation. The present study identified a novel post-translational modification of BRD4: poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), that was mediated by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) in cardiac hypertrophy. BRD4 silencing or BET inhibitors JQ1 and MS417 prevented cardiac hypertrophic responses induced by isoproterenol (ISO), whereas overexpression of BRD4 promoted cardiac hypertrophy, confirming the critical role of BRD4 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. PARP1 was activated in ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and facilitated the development of cardiac hypertrophy. BRD4 was involved in the prohypertrophic effect of PARP1, as implied by the observations that BRD4 inhibition or silencing reversed PARP1-induced hypertrophic responses, and that BRD4 overexpression suppressed the anti-hypertrophic effect of PARP1 inhibitors. Interactions of BRD4 and PARP1 were observed by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. PARylation of BRD4 induced by PARP1 was investigated by PARylation assays. In response to hypertrophic stimuli like ISO, PARylation level of BRD4 was elevated, along with enhanced interactions between BRD4 and PARP1. By investigating the PARylation of truncation mutants of BRD4, the C-terminal domain (CTD) was identified as the PARylation modification sites of BRD4. PARylation of BRD4 facilitated its binding to the transcription start sites (TSS) of hypertrophic genes, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of RNA Pol II and transcription activation of hypertrophic genes. The present findings suggest that strategies targeting inhibition of PARP1-BRD4 might have therapeutic potential for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Software-aided detection and structural characterization of cyclic peptide metabolites in biological matrix by high-resolution mass spectrometry / 药物分析学报

Compared to their linear counterparts, cyclic peptides show better biological activities, such as anti-bacterial, immunosuppressive, and anti-tumor activities, and pharmaceutical properties due to their conformational rigidity. However, cyclic peptides could form numerous putative metabolites from po-tential hydrolytic cleavages and their fragments are very difficult to interpret. These characteristics pose a great challenge when analyzing metabolites of cyclic peptides by mass spectrometry. This study was to assess and apply a software-aided analytical workflow for the detection and structural characterization of cyclic peptide metabolites. Insulin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as model cyclic peptides were incubated with trypsin/chymotrypsin and/or rat liver S9, followed by data acquisition using TripleTOF? 5600. Resultant full-scan MS and MS/MS datasets were automatically processed through a combination of targeted and untargeted peak finding strategies. MS/MS spectra of predicted metabolites were interrogated against putative metabolite sequences, in light of a, b, y and internal fragment series. The resulting fragment assignments led to the confirmation and ranking of the metabolite sequences and identification of metabolic modification. As a result, 29 metabolites with linear or cyclic structures were detected in the insulin incubation with the hydrolytic enzymes. Sequences of twenty insulin metabolites were further determined, which were consistent with the hydrolytic sites of these enzymes. In the same manner, multiple metabolites of insulin and ANP formed in rat liver S9 incubation were detected and structurally characterized, some of which have not been previously reported. The results demonstrated the utility of software-aided data processing tool in detection and identification of cyclic peptide metabolites.

Alteration of Renal Natriuretic Systems Is Associated with the Development of Hypertension and Precedes the Presence of Renal Damage in a Model of Metabolic Syndrome / La alteración de sistemas natriuréticos renales se asocia con el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial y precede en el tiempo a la aparición de daño renal en un modelo de síndrome metabólico

ABSTRACT: Background: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of alterations in the natriuretic systems of atrial natriuretic peptide and renal dopamine in a model of metabolic syndrome induced by fructose overload and to associate them with changes in systolic blood pressure, renal function, Na+/K+-ATPase status and microalbuminuria. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (C) and fructose (F) groups receiving drinking water or a fructose so-lution (10% W/V), respectively, for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. L-dopa and dopamine, sodium, creatinine and albumin were measured in urine and ANP, insulin, sodium and creatinine in plasma. Systolic blood pressure was measured by indirect method and the renal activity and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase as well as the renal expression of A- and C-type natriuretic peptide receptors were assessed. results: Fructose overload was associated with a significant increase in insulinemia and systolic blood pressure levels and a decrease in urinary sodium excretion since week 4. A significant increase in L-dopa excretion and a decrease in dopamine excretion (increased urinary L-dopa/dopamine ratio) due to fructose overload were observed since week 4 with a decrease in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide at weeks 8 and 12. These changes were accompanied by increased activity and expression of Na+/ K+-ATPase, decreased A-type natriuretic peptide receptor and increased C-type natriuretic peptide receptor expression. Microalbuminuria was observed at week 12 of fructose overload.

RESUMEN: Objetivos: El objetivo del trabajo consistió en determinar la existencia de alteraciones en los sistemas natriuréticos del péptido natriurético atrial y dopamina renal en un modelo de síndrome metabólico por sobrecarga de fructosa y asociarlas con cambios en la presión arterial sistólica, función renal, estado de la Na+, K+-ATPasa y microalbuminuria. Material y Métodos: Ratas macho Sprague-Dawley fueron divididas en grupos control (C) y fructosa (F) con agua o solución de F (10%P/V) para beber durante 4, 8 y 12 semanas. En orina, se midió L-dopa y dopamina, sodio, creatinina y albúmina; y en plasma péptido natriurético atrial, insulina, sodio y creatinina. La presión arterial sistólica fue medida por método indirecto. Se midió la actividad y expresión de la Na+, K+-ATPasa así como la expresión del receptor de péptidos natriuréticos A y C renales. resultados: La sobrecarga de fructosa se asoció con el aumento de la insulinemia y la presión arterial sistólica, y con la disminución en la excreción urinaria de sodio desde la semana 4. La excreción urinaria de L-dopa se incrementó y la de dopamina disminuyó (cociente L-dopa/dopamina incrementado) por sobrecarga de fructosa desde la semana 4 y el péptido natriurético atrial plasmático se redujo en las semanas 8 y 12. Estos cambios fueron acompañados por un incremento de la actividad y expresión de la Na+, K+-ATPasa, disminución del receptor de péptidos natriuréticos A y aumento del C. La microalbuminuria se observó en la semana 12 de sobrecarga de fructosa. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones del péptido natriurético atrial y de la dopamina renal se asociaron con el desarrollo de hipertensión arterial y precedieron a la aparición de microalbuminuria, por lo que se pudo establecer una asociación temporal entre la alteración de ambos sistemas y el desarrollo de daño renal.

Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP) on pulmonary melanoma metastasis in ANP knockout mice and C57BL／6J mice / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in lung metastasis of melanoma. Methods Melanoma B16F10 cells were intravenously injected into ANP knockout mice and C57BL／6J mice. After three weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the lungs were removed, embedded, and examined by pathology using HE staining. The numbers of metastatic foci on the lung surface and micrometastatic foci in the lung tissues were counted. Results The ANP knockout mice displayed fewer metastatic foci on the lung surface and less micrometastatic foci in the lung tissues of ANP knockout mice than in the C57BL／6J mice. Conclusions ANP deletion significantly suppresses the metastasis of melanoma in the lung of mice.

Inhibitory effect of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)on the tumor growth of ANP knockout mouse and C57BL/6J mouse models of subcutaneous xenotransplanted melanoma / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)deletion on melanoma growth. Methods A subcutaneous xenotransplanted melanoma model was established in ANP knockout mice and C57BL/6J mice. The tumor volume was measured at the sixth day after establishment of the subcutaneous transplantation. Tumor cell proliferation and tumor-induced angiogenesis were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The volume and weight of xenotransplanted melanoma were significantly decreased in the ANP knockout mice compared with those in the C57BL/6J mice. The proliferative tumor cells and microvessel density were significantly decreased in the tumor tissues of ANP knockout mice compared with those in the C57BL/6J mice. Conclusions ANP deletion significantly suppresses xenotransplanted melanoma growth through inhibiting the tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

Clinical Observation on Efficacy of Ulinastatin in Treatment of Sepsis Induced Acute Renal Injury / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To research the clinical effects of ulinastatin in the treatment of sepsis induced acute renal injury and its possible mechanisms.Methods:114 cases of patients with sepsis induced acute kidney injury from 2014.02 ～ 2016.08 were selected and randomly divided into the control group (n=57) and experimental group (n=57) according to the draw method,the control group was given conventional treatment,while the experimental group was treated by ulinastatin based on the control group,the urine urinary injury molecule-1 (KIM-1),atrialnatriuretic peptide (ANP),cyscatin-c (CYS-C),interleukin l,6 (IL-1,IL-6),c-reactive protein (CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),nitric oxide (NO),endothelin 1 (ET-1),immunoglobulin A,G,M (IgA,IgG,IgM) levels,APACHE-Ⅱ score were compared between two groups before and after the treatment.Results:After treatmented,the urine of KIM-1,ANP,serum of CYS-C,IL-l,IL-6,CRP,TNF-α,ET-1 levels and APACHE-Ⅱ score of experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).The serum NO,IgA,IgG,IgM levels of experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Ulinastatin could significantly relieve sepsis induced acute renal injury,which might be related to the inhibition of inflammatory response,improvement of the renal blood flow and immune function.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is essential for secretion of ANP induced by prostaglandin D₂ in the beating rat atrium

Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) may act against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and play an anti-inflammatory role in the heart. Although the effect of PGD₂ in regulation of ANP secretion of the atrium was reported, the mechanisms involved are not clearly identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PGD₂ can regulate ANP secretion in the isolated perfused beating rat atrium, and its underlying mechanisms. PGD₂ (0.1 to 10 µM) significantly increased atrial ANP secretion concomitantly with positive inotropy in a dose-dependent manner. Effects of PGD₂ on atrial ANP secretion and mechanical dynamics were abolished by AH-6809 (1.0 µM) and AL-8810 (1.0 µM), PGD₂ and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) receptor antagonists, respectively. Moreover, PGD₂ clearly upregulated atrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the PGD₂ metabolite 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ₂ (15d-PGJ₂, 0.1 µM) dramatically increased atrial ANP secretion. Increased ANP secretions induced by PGD₂ and 15d-PGJ₂ were completely blocked by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (0.1 µM). PD98059 (10.0 µM) and LY294002 (1.0 µM), antagonists of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling, respectively, significantly attenuated the increase of atrial ANP secretion by PGD₂. These results indicated that PGD₂ stimulated atrial ANP secretion and promoted positive inotropy by activating PPARγ in beating rat atria. MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were each partially involved in regulating PGD₂-induced atrial ANP secretion.

Comparative effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(4-8) on blood pressure and ANP secretion in rats

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is metabolized from N-terminal by aminopeptidases and from C-terminal by Ang converting enzyme (ACE) to generate several truncated angiotensin peptides (Angs). The truncated Angs have different biological effects but it remains unknown whether Ang-(4-8) is an active peptide. The present study was to investigate the effects of Ang-(4-8) on hemodynamics and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion using isolated beating rat atria. Atrial stretch caused increases in atrial contractility by 60% and in ANP secretion by 70%. Ang-(4-8) (0.01, 0.1, and 1 µM) suppressed high stretch-induced ANP secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Ang-(4-8) (0.1 µM)-induced suppression of ANP secretion was attenuated by the pretreatment with an antagonist of Ang type 1 receptor (AT₁R) but not by an antagonist of AT₂R or AT₄R. Ang-(4-8)-induced suppression of ANP secretion was attenuated by the pretreatment with inhibitor of phospholipase (PLC), inositol triphosphate (IP₃) receptor, or nonspecific protein kinase C (PKC). The potency of Ang-(4-8) to inhibit ANP secretion was similar to Ang II. However, Ang-(4-8) 10 µM caused an increased mean arterial pressure which was similar to that by 1 nM Ang II. Therefore, we suggest that Ang-(4-8) suppresses high stretch-induced ANP secretion through the AT₁R and PLC/IP₃/PKC pathway. Ang-(4-8) is a biologically active peptide which functions as an inhibition mechanism of ANP secretion and an increment of blood pressure.

Cardiac markers in five different breeds of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) used for cardiovascular research / Marcadores cardíacos em cinco diferentes raças de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758) utilizados para pesquisa cardiovascular

Cardiac biomarkers for clinical and experimental heart diseases have previously been evaluated in rabbits. However, several laboratory assays performed and reported with inconsistent results. This study aimed to assess the effects of breed on serum ANP, CRP, and ACE and establish reference interval (RI) for these biomarkers in a large population of healthy rabbits. Ninety-seven adult rabbits from five breeds were included in this study. Assays were performed using specific ELISA commercial kits. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey test (p<0.05), arithmetic mean, RI of mean, and standard deviation. A significant effect of breed was shown, indicating different RI between breeds for each biomarker. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that breed is an important physiological variable influencing the normal values of cardiac markers in healthy rabbits.(AU)

Biomarcadores cardíacos têm sido avaliados em coelhos para avaliação clínica e experimental das doenças cardíacas. Entretanto diferentes testes laboratoriais têm sido utilizados e relatados, sem uma confluência de resultados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar os efeitos de diferentes raças de coelhos sobre as concentrações séricas de ANP, CRP e ACE, além de estabelecer intervalor de referência para estes biomarcadores em uma população de coelhos saudáveis. Foram utilizados noventa e sete coelhos de cinco diferentes raças. Os exames foram realizados pela metodologia de ELISA, por meio de kits comerciais específicos. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente os testes de ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05), média aritmética, intervalo de referência da média e desvio padrão. Um efeito significativo da raça foi observado sobre as variáveis estudadas, indicando diferentes intervalos de referência entre as raças para cada biomarcador. Em conclusão, este estudo demonstrou que a raça é uma variável fisiológica importante que influencia os valores normais destes biomarcadores em coelhos saudáveis.(AU)

Effect of ginsenoside Re on cytochrome P450 in H9 c2 cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the cytochrome 450 effect of ginsenoside Re on H9c2 cells, in order to clarify the molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Re. Methods H 9 c 2 cells were separately treated with ginsenoside Re for 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 μmol·L-1 or 6, 24, 36, 48, 60 h. CYP2C11, 2J3, 4A1, 4A3, 4F4 and ANP mR-NA expressions were analyzed by Real time PCR, and CYP4 A1 , 2 J3 protein expressions were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with control group, ginsenoside Re could effectively upregulate CYP2 C11 , CYP2 J3 , ANP mRNA expression to 1. 6 , 1. 8 , 3. 2 fold, and downregulate CYP4A1, CYP4A3, CYP4F4 mRNA expression to 0. 4, 0. 15, 0. 3 fold. Ginsen-oside Re could decrease CYP4 A1 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner, while ginsenoside Re could increase CYP2 J3 protein expression in a con-centration-dependent manner. Conclusion Ginsen-oside could regulate CYP450 enzyme and change ANP gene expression, which might be the molecular mecha-nism of ginsenoside Re.

Prokaryotic expression, purification and identification of recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide / 生物工程学报

In order to improve the expression of recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a new plasmid (pET28a(+)/ANP₃) containing 3 tandem ANP genes with lysine codon as the interval linker, was constructed. Target gene was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and induced by IPTG, about 60% of the total-cell-protein was the target protein, His₆-ANP₃. After denaturation and refolding, it was digested by Endoproteinase Lys-C and Carboxypeptidase B (CPB) and then purified by a series of purification processes, about 16 mg purified ANP monomer could be obtained from one liter bacteria broth of shaking culture. Ultimately, the purity of protein was above 90% determined by UPLC and Tricine SDS-PAGE, its molecular weight was 3 080 Da according to LC-MS identification and it was proved to be equivalent to the reference product by ELISA. The use of tandem gene expression can provide a new possible model for the expression of other peptide drugs.

The role of atrial natriuretic peptide and endothelin 1 on congenital heart failure of newborns / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the role of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) of newborns with congenital heart failure and its clinical significance.Methods One hundred newborns with congenital heart disease were selected as our subjects.They were divided into 3 groups according to cardiac function grading criteria and that were grade Ⅰ group(30 cases),grade Ⅱ group(40 cases) and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ group(30 cases).Another 30 normal newborns were served as control group matched with age,gender.ET-1,ANP were detected.Results The levels of ET-1 and ANP in newborns of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ were (132.35 ±5.26) ng/L and (9.25 ± 2.37) pmol/L,significant higher than that in control group((53.62 ± 3.81) ng/L and (1.15 ±0.09) pmol/L;P ＜0.01).As the severity of the disease in newborns with congenital heart failure,the level of ET-1,ANP were activated more.There was a positive correlation between ET-1 and grade of cardiac function (r =0.35,P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile,it also showed a positive correlation between ANP and cardiac function (r =0.72,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion ET-1,ANP in newborns with congenital heart disease are activated with characterized of chronic heart failure,and related to severity of the disease.

p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibit atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA transcription in gp130-mediated hypertrophic ventricular myocytes

OBJECTIVE@#To understand the role of ANP mRNA transcription regulation in gp130-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and the involved mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK, also called p42/p44 MAPK) signaling pathway.@*METHODS@#Isolated neonatal ventricular myocytes were treated with different concentrations of CT-1 (10(-9), 10(-8)and 10(-7)mol/L). MTT was used to analyze the viability and RT-PCR was used to detect ANP mRNA levels in cardiomyocyte. To inhibit p42/p44 MAPK activity in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, the cells were pretreated with a specific MEK1 inhibitor.@*RESULTS@#CT-1 significantly induced ANP mRNA expression and the viability of cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, blocking p42/p44 MAPK activity by the special MEK1 inhibitor upregulated the ANP mRNA.@*CONCLUSIONS@#p42/p44 MAPK have an important role in suppressing ANP mRNA transcription and cell activity in gp130-mediated hypertrophic ventricular myocytes.

Amlodipine inhibits cardiomyocyte remodeling by interfering ANP secretion / 实用医学杂志

Objective To verify the dynamic changes of ANP during the diastolic heart failure and the protective effect of amlodipine. Methods Male SD rats underwent the abdominal aorta ligation. Four weeks after Surgery, 40 rats were divided into 4 groups: hypertension model group (group B), low-dose group (group C), mid-dose group (group D), high-dose group (group E). Another 10 healthy male SD rats were used as sham group (group A). During the experiment, different drugs were gavaged to different groups and the normal saline was used for control group. Results After 12 weeks, ANP levels increased in group B much more than in group A, while lower in group C(P 0.05); HW/BW and LW/BW decreased in group B than in group A, while higher in group C than in group B (P 0.05). Conclusion ANP level gradually increased accompanying with the aggravation of heart failure, which is related with the dose of the drug within limits. Amlodipine can inhibit cardiomyocyte remodeling by interfering ANP secretion.

Predictive value of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level in prognostic evaluation of patients with Sepsis / 中国综合临床

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) level on prognostic of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome by dynamic monitoring ANP levels.Methods Ninety-eight patients admitted to the intensive care unite were classified into survival group(n =78) and death group (n =20).The level of plasma ANP,procalcitonin,C-reactive protein and lactic acid were measured.Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score were recorded.Results The plasma ANP level of patients in the death group was 0.40 (0.26) μg/L,significantly higher than that in the survival group(0.22(0.12) μg/L,P =0.000).Along with treatment scheme,the plasma ANP level decreased in survival group,and there were significant difference among three times (0.22 (0.12) μg/L,0.17 (0.09) μg/L,0.13 (0.11) μg/L,P =0.000).But there was no difference in ANP level of patients in death group along with the disease developing (0.38 (0.30) μg/L,0.39 (0.23) μg/L,0.39 (0.22) μg/L,P =0.99).ICU hospitalized time in survive group associated with APACHE Ⅱ score,ANP and PCT(r =0.735,0.628,0.487 respectively,P =0.000,0.001,0.021).Conclusion ANP is proved to be a good clinical index in prognostic evaluation of patients with sepsis.

Assessment of the left atrial volume index and plasma NT-proANP level in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction is associated with ventricular dysfunction due to ischemia-induced progressive myocardial damage. The decrease in ventricular compliance causes left atrial dilatation and stretching of the atrial myocardium, which are the main stimuli for the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide. The aim of this study was to evaluate left atrial dimensions and atrial natriuretic peptide levels in patients early after their first acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and assess the probable interaction between coronary lesions and these measurements. METHODS: A total of 110 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 50 controls were studied. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide was measured at admission. Left ventricular function, diameter, and volume index were evaluated using transthoracic echocardiography. Gensini and vessel scores of the patients who underwent coronary angiography were calculated. RESULTS: Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in the patients with myocardial infarction was increased compared with that in controls (3.90±3.75 vs. 1.35±0.72 nmol/L, p<0.001). Although the left atrial diameter was comparable in patients and controls, the left atrial volume index was increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction (26.5±7.1 vs. 21.3±4.9 mL/m2, p<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed a strong independent correlation between the left atrial volume index and the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level (β = 0.23, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The left atrial volume index and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level were correlated in patients with acute myocardial infarction. .

Angiotensin-II down-regulates cardiac natriuretic peptide receptor-A mediated anti-hypertrophic signaling in experimental rat hearts.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) exerts anti-hypertrophic effects in the heart via natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A). However, ANP mediated anti-hypertrophic activity is decreased in the cardiomyopathic conditions. In the present investigation the in vivo effects of angiotensin II (Ang II), a hypertrophic agonist have been studied on the ventricular expression level of NPR-A in Wistar rat hearts. NPR-A expression at the protein and mRNA levels were found to be markedly reduced by 5-fold respectively in Ang II infused rats heart as compared with sham rat hearts. Moreover, cGMP production in response to ANP was reduced by 77% in the isolated cardiac membrane preparation from the Ang II infused rat hearts. Losartan treatment reversed NPR-A expression and responsiveness to ANP. This study suggests that Ang II down regulates cardiac NPR-A activity by suppressing Npr1 gene transcription.